Ethics And Code Of Professional Conduct - 1598 Words

Assignment One This assignment demonstrates why nurses who are working in the healthcare profession must work legally and ethically, describes some of the legislations and Tort laws that are directly associated with the nursing profession and also the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia’s (NMBA) Code of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. Failure to provide care within these parameters could lead to serious consequences for the patient and nurse themselves. Enrolled Nurses must work within certain legal and ethical parameters to ensure appropriate care is provided to patients and also so the nursing profession itself is upheld in a respectful and trusting manner. In order to work ethically, nurses are required to adhere to the code of ethics and code of professional conduct set by the NMBA. If nurses fail to adhere to these codes loss of licence to practice, taken to court by the patient, bad reputation and loss of trust from patients and other staff could be some of the consequences. The legal parameters that affect nurses are those such as Statute and Common laws and also Tort laws such as Assault, Battery and negligence. The Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act of 2009 is a law that has been introduced to establish a National Registration and accreditation system for health professionals and students. Health professionals are required to be regulated and the registration of students who are participating in studies that will lead to a qualification inShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics And Professional Conduct1274 Words   |  6 PagesReview of the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct of BIP The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (CEPC) has been formulated on the basis of article 44, 45, 46, 47 of BIP constitution, to secure the rights and benefits of the Planners community in Bangladesh. CEPC not only provide guidance and support to the members of BIP on their lead in the professional field but also offers assurance to the client who avails the services of Planners. Members have the opportunity to express their opinionRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Professional Conduct Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesCode of Ethics and Professional Conduct Introduction Ethics and professionalism are the centerpieces of any organization that wants to conduct business in today’s global environment. The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an organization that believes in the principles that governs professional behavior and ethics. By a consensus decree of many countries worldwide; the PMI formed the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (CEPC) for project management. The CEPC became the standard that all projectRead MoreEthics And Professional Codes Of Conduct878 Words   |  4 PagesEthics and Professional Codes of Conduct (Unit 10), Trump won the president in this month. After two months, Donald Trump will be the official president. However, the concerns about his ethics is upcoming to everyone’s mind. As we known, The Trump Organization runs a lot of business all around the US. When Donald Trump moves into the White House, he ll be the most controversial president in America history. After Trump is the president, his business interest is related to the politic. 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Each one will be discussed based on the order they are written in the AARC Code of Ethics Guide. †¢ Demonstrate behavior that reflects integrity, supports objectivity, and fosters trust in the profession and its professionals. This means that the respiratory therapist should harbor the quality ofRead MoreOccupational Therapy Code Of Ethics And Professional Conduct1544 Words   |  7 PagesIt is the responsibility as well as an expectation for Occupational Therapists (OTs) to maintain a professional behaviour, in order to build a therapeutic relationship in and outside a therapeutic setting. The OTs have a duty of care to use the correct knowledge and skills to enhance the life quality of a service user. 1 There is no clear-cut definition for Professionalism. However it can be defined as upholding and applying the values of a profession by having specific knowledge about the occupationRead MoreAn Analysis of the Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics of Ipra and Cerp in Relation with That of Nipr3302 Words   |  14 PagesANALYSIS OF THE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICS OF IPRA AND CERP IN RELATION WITH THAT OF NIPR ABSTRACT Professional code of conduct and ethics has come to stay with all professions who wish to promote healthy relationship and commitment of its member. These ethics and code of conducts help streamline the activities of members in the performance of their tasks. Public relations practice have over the years become an accepted human endeavour and the application of this code have become importantRead MoreThe Radio-Television News Directors Association: Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct1040 Words   |  4 PagesCODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT RADIO-TELEVISION NEWS DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION The Radio-Television News Directors Association, wishing to foster the highest professional standards of electronic journalism, promote public understanding of and confidence in electronic journalism, and strengthen principles of journalistic freedom to gather and disseminate information, establishes this Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. PREAMBLE Professional electronic journalists should operate as trusteesRead MoreA Brief Note On Ethics And Conduct And Behavior1089 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Research Report Student Name: Longfei Wang Student ID: 11529471 Executive Summary This report describe the two professional areas, they are Early Childhood and Public Relation (PR). In this two areas, this article illustrates the importance of three professional codes which are ethics, conduct and behavior. The report also reveal some ethical or unethical behaviors in the light of the two professional areas. Then the two professions will be compared in the codes ofRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics1043 Words   |  5 PagesEthics are concerned with how human been ought to act given a certain set of condition. The ethics govern an individual while making decisions especially when multiple choices are represented. Business, for instance, has set of principles which act as a guide on how the employees ought to conduct themselves while executing their duty .The set of rules and principles refer to the code of ethics. The code of ethics gives a guide on the professionals expected conduct while working for a given organization

Problems with High School Education - 1060 Words

Problems with High School Education Public education has been a staple to American society since the mid nineteenth century. However, in the years since, the public school system has developed many flaws. The system that was originally created to enhance the lives of students and better society now causes much detriment. Although public education claims to be the â€Å"great equalizer† there are many problems ignored by school reform policies that hinder the learning of children. Income greatly impacts a child’s learning ability. In the United States, where a child attends school is based on where he or she lives, which is based upon the income of the family. Typically, families with lower income must send their children to poor†¦show more content†¦According to a new study from the University of California, Irvine, discoveries show that short term stress, even lasting as little as a few hours can damage brain cell communication. This can seriously affect a child’s capability to learn. A disconcerting fact that proves teens are feeling too much pressure is the number of teens who have admitted to cheating just to receive a good grade. As reported by The Berkeley Blog, ninety-five percent of high school juniors and seniors allege to cheating on a test before. If something is not done to lessen the stress on teens, the next generation will not be adequate citizens in today’s society. Teens are in great distress and even though many are meeting or exceeding standards, they are sacrificing their happiness to do so (Carter, 2). Furthermore, bullying can also be an obstacle to success. Not only does bullying affect the victim, it also affects the school, bystanders, and bully. Students who are bullied can acquire many physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach pains, and sleeping problems. They may also fear school and lose interest in it, which can lead to these students doing poorly academically. Students who are bullied can also lose self confidence in themselves and typically experience low self-esteem which can lead to violence and suicidal thoughts (Effects of Bullying on Students, 1). However, not only the victim of bullying is harmed, the bystanders, bully, andShow MoreRelatedLincoln High School s Education Problem933 Words   |  4 PagesLLincoln High School Lincoln High School, which is located in a low-income neighborhood in San Diego, was a rebuilt after 50 years of failing to educate children. Rebuilding the high school was the answer the community had been looking for they were hopeful. Before the rebuild most students who attended Lincoln did not meet the standards for their grade-level, few graduated and even fewer went go on to college. After years of suffering and neglect there was little doubt That Lincoln High School deservedRead MoreEquity Within Education : The United States Is A Problem Of High School998 Words   |  4 PagesEquity in education throughout the United States is a problem majority of high schools have to deal with. With education, comes conflict in which only a few solutions can fix what the problem. School resources is one of the main problems when it comes to equity in education from the lack of teaching from the teachers, to the facilities where the students are taught in, or the safety for the students; in solution, the government can provide more funds to these schools, and have well-off school schoolsRead MoreSocial Problems That Are Occurring Within Schools And Education1376 Words   |  6 PagesSchools and Education has been a social problem we face in the United States for some years now. This is a social issue that individuals go through that affects their education. This social issue involves people race, gender, and family income. In attention to those reason there are other reason that the school system is failing, such as the lack of parents involvement in their child’s education action, schools are being over crowded, and also the lack of diversity in school. This problem needsRead MoreSocial Problems : Continuity And Change944 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Social Problems: Continuity and Change†, I studied the chapter Schools and Education. This chapter is very informative on the different social problems that are occurring within schools and education in the United States. The chapter begins with the definition of education, briefly explaining how it is a social establishment that teaches people skills, knowledge, norms, and values that will be beneficial in today society. There are two different types of education. They are formal education and informalRead MoreIt Is No Surprise That Today’S Education System Is Not1721 Words   |  7 Pagessurprise that today’s education system is not in the best shape. In a system where students are more focused on what is going on at home than their school work, testing is the main focus, schools are underfunded, and teachers are underpaid, something has got to change in order to move our system in a positive direction that is necessary for students to get the most out of the public education system. These are just some of the many problems we are faced with in today’s education system. An article IRead MoreFinding A Balance Between Healthcare And High School1730 Words    |  7 PagesHealthcare and High School The problem between physical fitness and high school is very clear. Learning how to better incorporate physical fitness in high school will set the tone and aid one for overall health in the future. Physical fitness is mandatory because the balance between health and high school will equal each other. â€Å"Regular physical activity is an essential component of personal and public health programs and is associated with reduced risk for specific health problems and lower all-causeRead More Illegal Immigrants and the Educational System Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesEducational System Secondary education is a highly debated subject. Many critics of secondary education say that inner-city high schools and students are not receiving the same attention as students from non inner-city high schools. Two of the biggest concerns are the lack of school funding that inner-city high schools are receive and the low success rate in sending inner-city high schools graduates to college. Critics say that while inner-city high schools struggle to pay its teachers and educateRead MoreDropping Out Of High School1696 Words   |  7 Pages The issue of dropping out of high school were discussed as early as 1927 in literatures according to (Christle, Jolivette, and Nelson 2007). During that era, dropout was called â€Å"school- leaving† and was considered to be a psychological problem based on interest and attitudes. Young people were considered as restless and needing the freedom to explore new interests. If schools did not meet their needs, there was the likelih ood that these teenagers will drop out (Christle, Jolivette, and NelsonRead MoreEducation For Cure Poverty : Education Is Not Only A Necessary Government Responsibility1205 Words   |  5 PagesEducation to Cure Poverty The importance of education on today’s youth is ever-growing and extremely prevalent in our society. Education is not only a necessary government responsibility, but it is also a way to get children out of poverty and lead them into whatever sort of career path they would like to pursue. Many children in poverty find themselves struggling with receiving their education due to under-resourced schools and lack of money (Strauss). Due to these poorly funded schools and areasRead MoreEssay about Reformations of School999 Words   |  4 PagesReformations of School Education plays a fundamental role in the development of any nation. History is witness that those nations who did not recognized the importance of education were doomed, and education played a key role in the success of the developed nations. A successful country like America faces many challenges regarding education. Some of these challenges are: how to better achieve educational opportunity, and to find ways to deal with such problems and educational dilemmas for American

Food borne illness Investigation

Question: Discuss about the Report on Problem-Based Learning exercise for Food borne illness Investigation ? Answer: Problem-Based Learning exercise: Food borne illness Investigation The attack rate for this outbreak can be calculated as: Total number of people who attended the dinner= 200 Number of persons who became ill= 60 Therefore, Attack Rate= 60/200*100 = 30% The attack rate for this outbreak is 30%. Case study analysis: Possible pathogen that caused the outbreak- Staphylococcus aureus is the possible pathogen that caused the food poisoning outbreak in this case. It is a spherical shaped gram-positive bacterium and produces a heat stable toxin (the condition also called as staphylococcus intoxication) (Aycicek, et al., 2005). Food vehicle- The food vehicle involves the protein foods such as ham quiche, chicken, tuna, egg products, unrefrigerated or improperly refrigerated meat, and sandwich fillings, mixed sea food pizza, shrimp, mushroom pies, salads, creamed potatoes and cream-filled desserts like pastries, custards, ice-cream and fruits. Causes of Outbreak- Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for causing the food-borne illness mainly by contaminating the food through respiratory droplets (cough and sneeze), skin fragments and by direct body contact. Improper handling of cooked/or processed food by local political party members, improper refrigeration, keeping the food at room temperature for a long time as buffet had been prepared on Friday 10th and was transported in unrefrigerated vehicle as well as it was left in unrefrigerated condition until its consumption the next day. All these factors leads to the production of a toxin called as enterotoxin which is resistant to heat, freezing and refrigeration and thus, the growth of this bacteria in buffet meal (Kadariya, et al., 2014). Rationale behind discerning the pathogen- Staphylococcus aureus is likely to be involved in this case because cases have been reported where S. aureus is the major cause behind illness due to eating the types of food which are listed in this case; the major type of food is quinche as a prime target for staphylococci infection in this case. The other rationale is based on the timings of the onset of symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, abdominal/stomach pain within thirty minutes to six hours after eating the food infected by bacteria (Kadariya, et al., 2014). Similar Incidences of outbreak with this pathogen- In United States, an outbreak of food poisoning occurred in a Military Lunch Party on July 30, 2012. Gastrointestinal illness was reported in 13 persons within 2-3 hours after eating the lunch who attended the military party. Bacterial Intoxication, mainly Staphylococcal enterotoxin A infection was found to be the main reason behind this outbreak. Perlo; a chicken, sausage and rice dish was identified as major type of food that caused the infection. The investigators and authorities identified improper handling and inappropriate food preparation measures as the major cause behind this outbreak (CDC, 2013). In 16 elementary schools of Texas, 1364 children became ill while eating the lunch. Chicken salad was identified as one of the food that resulted in illness in majority of the children. Bacterial examination of chicken salad was done and S. aureus was found to be present in large numbers. Keeping the food for very long time in warm classrooms resulted in food contamination (FDA, 2012). The controls measures that should be taken to prevent further outbreak of this type are: Personal hygiene of food handlers is important. This includes properly washing the hands, proper cleaning or sanitization of food-served areas and utensils, food handlers without any wound or skin infections. Also, cooked food should be stored in the refrigerators as soon as possible. Promoting Public health interventions and education programs related to food safety as well as public awareness and adherence to microbiological guidelines provided by WHO and FDA should be done (Bredbenner, et al., 2013). References: Aycicek, H., Cakiroglu, S., and Stevenson, T.H. (2005). Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat meals from military cafeterias in Ankara, Turkey. Food Control, vol. 16(6), pp. 531-534. Bredbenner, C.B., Berning, J., Biggers, M., and Quick, V. (2013). Food safety in home kitchens: a synthesis of the literature. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, vol. 10, pp. 4060-4085. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Outbreak of Staphylococcal Food Poisoning from a Military Unit Lunch Party-United States, July, 2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), vol. 62(50), pp. 1026-1028. Kadariya, J., Smith, T.C., Thapaliya, D. (2014). Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal food-borne Disease: An ongoing Challenge in Public Health. BioMed Research International, pp. 1-9. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2012). Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Staphylococcus aureus. Retrieved on 19th July, 2015 from https://www.fda.gov/

Market Strategies Promotional Activities †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Market Strategies Promotional Activities? Answer: Introduction Marketing plan is a complete plan about all the activities that is prepared by the entrepreneurs, when they introduce new products and services in respective market. It includes all the related aspects, which are needed for bringing a product or service in the market (Morden, 2016). An organization includes various aspects in this, like; objectives, target market, market segmentation, market strategies and other promotional activities. This report includes the description about an Australian Airlines, i.e. Jetstar Airways. It is a low cost airline in Australia. The company is introducing low cost services for the people, who cannot afford the air traveling expenses. This report includes some components of marketing plan for companys products and services, like target market and marketing strategy of the company. The organization is implementing various effective strategies to promote the products in the market and all over the world. It is expanding its business operations in interna tional markets. Company Background Jetstar Airways Limited is an Australian airline, which is established in the year 2004. The organization is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia and offers low-cost airline services to its potential customers. It has launched its first local flight and promoted Magda Szubanski in the character of Julie the Jetstar girl as the symbol of the organization. The company is offering value based services globally. This is a wholly owned subsidiary of Qantas and formed in response to the competition and challenges posed by another low-fare airline, i.e. Virgin Blue. The airline runs a widespread local network and international services as well from its chief base, i.e. Melbourne Airport, Australia. Qantas established Jetstar airways in the year 2003 as its low-fare operations subsidiary (Jetstar, 2017). It has developed to work as one of the biggest airlines in Australia. It also operates its operations in domestic market of New Zealand. The organization is well-known for its low fares, every day to different locations. It has won various valued awards, like; Best Brand Experience for Low Cost Carrier in 2006 and Best Low Cost Airline in 2007. This airline carries approximately 8.5% of all the passengers travelling in or out of Australia. Like its parent company, it also has the competition with Virgin Australia and its low-cost subsidiary, i.e. Tigerair Australia. Through this subsidiary, Qantas has shares in other sister airlines, like; Jetstar Japan, Jetstar Asia Airways and Jetstar Pacific Airlines (Jetstar, 2017). The Australian airline industry is facing an intense competition due to entry of low cost airline, like; Jetstar Airways. It has strengthened the battle for occupancy rates and market share in Australian airline industry. The company is enhancing the customer loyalty by developing effective marketing strategies. It is the major key to survive in competitive aviation industry in Australia. Jetstar Airways has offered sub-par financial performance in nowadays because of customer complaints about poor quality services. Currently, Jetstar is working as one of the largest players in the low-fare airline segment in the country with fleet size of 44 aircrafts and 1900 flights weekly (Shaw, 2016). The organization has its presence in all major routes and 50 global markets through Asia Pacific region. Now, the flights of Jetstar fly to and from 19 Australian local and 17 long and short-haul international destinations. Currently, it is on third rank in largest airlines by market share in local aviation industry and in the list of top five international airlines in terms of capacity share. It is serving different international routes to and from Australian airport. Regardless of its low-cost policy, the organization provides a limited number of linking services without via baggage checking, however it has altered since the international airlifts started in November 2006. The organization has added the baggage connectivity facility as a service for the local flights connecting overseas flights. As a subsidiary of the Quatas, Jetstar Airways offers more international and local flights in comparison to other airline player in Australia country. It has flown 75 million people since its launch in the year 2004. Product/Service Description The introduction of Jetstar is the part Qantas two brand strategy. Under this strategy, the company has two brands, i.e. Qanats and Jetstar Airways. One offers finest full-service market and Jetstar offers low-cost services (Anderson, Narus Narayandas, 2009). Under its services, Jetstar offers to select the seat of their choice and it has become first airline in Australia, which allows the travellers to choose their seats on booking. Products and service offerings of Jetstar Airways are aimed to fulfill the changing needs of customers. The organization offers a right fare type for its customers. Moreover, Jetstar offers a simple service that is exposed to the core for reducing the costs and prices and enhance the value for customers. Under its services, the customers get a flight and minimal baggage at its lowest (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). The company is using effective marketing strategies and market segmentation for promoting its services among Australian Market and all over the world. The organization has expanded its services to various countries, like; New Zealand, Asia Pacific region etc. This airline has a codeshare contracts with various airline organizations, such as; Jin Air, Qantas, American Airlines, Emirates, Japan Airlines, LATAM Chile etc. The services of company are very effective and unique from other airlines. It is offering the airline services on low fare. For the promotion of these services, company is adopting and implementing various effective marketing strategies and targeting a market that is profitable for the company (Belobaba, Odoni, and Barnhart, 2015). The next paragraphs of this report include the discussion about the target market and marketing strategies of Jetstar Airways. Target Market Target market is a market, where an organization wants to offer its products and services and it consists of different set of customers for whom it puts additional marketing efforts. Identification of the target market is an important step in creating a marketing plan. A target market can be determined by considering different factors, like; demographic, psychographic, geographic and purchasing power of the people. Jetstar Airways is targeting the independents, which are 34% more likely to fly. Moreover, the company is targeting the residents of Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales, which are 7.6% possibly to go on an overseas holiday (Bradley Grant, 2015). In target market of company, household is exposing a higher than average income is more to fly with Jetstar Airways. In introducing this service, company is primarily targeting the people, who cannot afford travelling with higher fare airline. Market Segmentation Market segmentation is the process, in which a company segments the overall market on the basis of some specific characteristics, like; demographic, behavioral, psychographic and geographic characteristics. In its marketing plan, Jetstar is also emphasizing on these characteristics to target the market, so that it can promote its services in effective manner (Forgas, Moliner, Snchez and Palau, 2010). Geographic Characteristics: In context of geographic characteristics, Jetstar is selecting different locations for offering its products, like; New Zealand, Australia and Asia Pacific Region (Lawton, 2017). Psychographic Characteristics: Jetstar is targeting the people on the basis of socio-economic characteristics. In this process, it is offering its products to low and middle class people with the moderate income level. This is the primary market segment, on which company focuses (Fu, Lei, Wang and Yan, 2015). Demographic Characteristics: In this type of characteristics, Jetstar is emphasizing on the age group of 18 to 30 year olds, who have low and middle level income capacity. Company is pursuing the low fare operations, so it is also an important market segment for the company (Jarach, 2017). Behavioral Characteristics: In this context, the organization is targeting the occasion segmentation, in which it is targeting short distance or some minute flights, which do not need the benefits, which other airline organizations provide, such as; business class, meals etc. Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy is an organizational practice that incorporates marketing and other objectives in a plan (Homsombat, Lei and Fu, 2014). A marketing strategy is stated to be effective when it is implemented for market research and focused on related marketing mix for earning significant revenues and profits. It will assist the firm in maintaining its growth and business environment. In addition, the marketing strategy can accounted as the basis of a marketing plan. It plays a vital role in achieving the objectives of company. In this case, Jetstar is implementing various effective marketing strategies, which will assist the organization in creating awareness about its services. It will help the organization in enhancing its market coverage and market share. A marketing strategy of the company can serve so many benefits. For having these benefits, Jetstar is adopting several marketing strategies to achieve these benefits (Jiang, 2013). There are various strategies and marketing mix, which are adopted and implemented by Jetstar in promoting its airline services to its target market. These strategies are stated below; Jetstar is an Australian airline that aimed to offer low-cost airline services both at local and international level. By adopting the effective marketing mix strategies, the organization can successfully implement the strategies to ensure the brand image, which it has been sustained for providing best quality services. Marketing Mix The products of Jetstar are the airline and transportation services to fulfill the needs of low and middle class customers. The company is helping the people in reaching to their destinations by their flights. The company is offering low-fare flights with the best quality services for low to middle income level people (Kachaner, Lindgardt and Michael, 2011). As it is wholly owned subsidiary of Qantas, so its fleets are luxurious, that provide comforts and good features. The major feature of their services is that people can choose their seats at the time of booking tickets. Price Price is a major component in development of a marketing plan. Jetstar offers different packages for different income level customers. The major reason for introducing Jetstar airline is offering low-fare flights with some extra facilities. Furthermore, competition is also an important factor that determines the pricing strategies and policies of a company (Peppard and Ward, 2016). Place There are two ways, i.e. direct and indirect, by which an organization can gain advantage in distributing the products and services to the customers. Jetstar is selling its services in different locations, like; Australia, New Zealand and Asia Pacific region. Through its flights, people are traveling in or out of Australia. It is selling its tickets at ticket counter at airport and on their website (Pearson and Merkert, 2014). Promotion Promotion is the activities, which makes the organization able to advertise and communicate its services to the target market and customers. Jetstar has set up links with advertising agencies, so it is very easy to connect with its customers. Along with this, the company is promoting its products on modern platforms, like; social media networking sites. The company is using different marketing tag lines for enhancing its marketing promotion, like; Jetstar girl and All day everyday low fares. The major reasons behind success of its marketing campaign are these statements, which saw it as developed airlines for Australian flyers (Kleymann and Serist, 2017). The promotional activities of the company are enhancing the usability and access of its services. Thus, these marketing strategies will assist the organization in increasing its presence among its customers. Jetstar should adopt new and effective strategies to deal with the intense competition in the Australian aviation industry. Conclusion Thus from the above analysis, it can be concluded that marketing and promotional activities play a significant role for any organization, when it comes to introduce its new products and services. These activities can assist the organization establishing its brand reputation in the market and among customers. The above report includes the analysis about Jetstar Airways. Jetstar Airways is a famous airline with its low-cost operations. It serves the customers and business travellers with its transportation services in Australia and other countries. The report includes the background of company and description about its products and services. Moreover, it describes the target market and market strategies of Jetstar airlines. The above analysis concludes that the organization is adopting and implementing effective strategies and marketing tactics to enhance its brand image in the respective market. Furthermore, it is hereby recommended that the organization should include some market campaign in promotional activities. It should implement more effective strategies to reach to its target market. These steps will assist the organization in increasing its presence in market and among customers. References Anderson, J. C., Narus, J. A., Narayandas, D, 2009, Business market management: Understanding, creating, and delivering value. Pearson Prentice Hall. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Belobaba, P., Odoni, A. and Barnhart, C. eds., 2015.The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Bradley Grant, 2015,"Regional shake-up: Jetstar to break Air New Zealand's domestic stranglehold".The New Zealand Herald. Forgas, S., Moliner, M.A., Snchez, J. and Palau, R., 2010. Antecedents of airline passenger loyalty: Low-cost versus traditional airlines.Journal of Air Transport Management,16(4), pp.229-233. Fu, X., Lei, Z., Wang, K. and Yan, J., 2015. Low cost carrier competition and route entry in an emerging but regulated aviation marketThe case of China.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,79, pp.3-16. Homsombat, W., Lei, Z. and Fu, X., 2014. Competitive effects of the airlines-within-airlines strategyPricing and route entry patterns.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,63, pp.1-16. Jarach, D., 2017.Airport marketing: Strategies to cope with the new millennium environment. Routledge. Jetstar, 2017, Flights to Australia, retrieved from https://www.jetstar.com/au/en/cheap-flights/australia. Jetstar, 2017, Cheap Flights, retrieved from https://www.jetstar.com/au/en/cheap-flights. Jiang, H., 2013. Service quality of low-cost long-haul airlinesThe case of Jetstar Airways and AirAsia X.Journal of Air Transport Management,26, pp.20-24. Kachaner, N., Lindgardt, Z. and Michael, D., 2011. Innovating low-cost business models.Strategy Leadership,39(2), pp.43-48. Kleymann, B. and Serist, H., 2017.Managing strategic airline alliances. Routledge. Lawton, T.C., 2017.Cleared for take-off: structure and strategy in the low fare airline business. Routledge. Morden, T., 2016.Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Pearson, J. and Merkert, R., 2014. Airlines-within-airlines: A business model moving East.Journal of Air Transport Management,38, pp.21-26. Shaw, S., 2016.Airline marketing and management. Routledge.

Images of the Evangelist Matthew in the Book of Durrow and the Colbertinus Codex Faith and Devotion for the Evangelist

Introduction Although apparently quite different in sophistication and complexity as pieces of art, the Man, Symbol of St. Matthew, from the Book of Durrow and St. Matthew from the Codex Colbertinus share a common origin in intense faith. These two images of portray the same religious figure from three hundred years apart. They reveal the same devotion to the scripture and the faith that inspired them. Both use the best techniques available to them to glorify and invest with meaning and seriousness the role and person of Matthew the Evangelist.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Images of the Evangelist Matthew in the Book of Durrow and the Colbertinus Codex: Faith and Devotion for the Evangelist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Identification of the work of art Unknown artist. The Man: the symbol for St. Matthew, from the Book of Durrow, latter half of the 7th century, CE. Ink and tempura on parchment. Description of the work of art The 7th century image of St. Matthew in the Book of Durrow depicts a male figure with pale hair and what appears to be a beard or sideburns. He is wrapped from neck to ankles in a heavily decorated cloak. His feet appear sideways, in the manner of ancient Egyptian representations of the legs and feet, making it very clear that these are feet, and not something else. The figure of Matthew is surrounded by elaborate scrolls, evocative of vining plants but not specifically depicting any plant. They are familiar to anyone who has purchase a piece of jewelry labeled as Celtic, and similar designs appear in sculpted crosses from the same period and before and after in the British Isles. The dominant colors appear to be red, black, gold, or what passes for gold and white or off-white. The condition of this page is good, but there appear to be missing areas of color in the scrolling. A reconstruction suggests that there was a lot more green in the scrolling and in the clo ak decoration. The overall size of the page is roughly 9 5/8 x 6 1/8, or equivalent to a modern trade book. The image is executed in ink and tempura on parchment, meaning that the surface could be sheep, calf, or goat skin. The tempura, a mixture of pigments and egg yolk, was typical of the period. One might infer that the outline was drawn in ink and then filled in with tempura colors. The Book of Durrow is now housed at Trinity College, in Dublin, Ireland. However, its source may have been elsewhere, for example in the ancient Christian center on the isle of Iona. Such texts were precious, and could have been looted or given as a gift over the centuries.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Identification of the work of art Unknown artist. St. Matthew from the Codex Colbertinus. 11th to 12th century, CE. Tempura on vellum (calf skin). Description of the work of art The figure of Matthew appears under an arch supported by columns. He wears a cloak, and his feet are bare, but depicted as seen from the front. He holds up a forefinger and thumb with one hand, and a book in the other. His pose, his wide open eyes, perfectly arched eyebrows, suggestion of a top-knot, and the neck folds are reminiscent of early depictions of the Gautama Buddha. His archway, which appears to evoke Roman architecture, and is in front of what seems to be a basilica style church, stands next to the letter L. This begins the Gospel of Matthew, the first words of which are â€Å"Liberi generationis†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This phrase refers to the genealogy that the writer of this account of the life of Jesus then proceeds to list at length. The purpose of the genealogy is to connect Jesus, the son of Joseph and Mary, to the patriarchs and founders of the Jewish people. It also foreshadows the fulfillment of scripture that Matthew emphasizes so heavily in describing the events in Jesus’ life. The letter L contains many smaller figures, some of them fantastical, others perhaps simply ill-informed. There appear to be figures of a swan, a leopard, a dog, flowers and seed pods, a naked man, a man in parti-colored hose, raptor birds, and additional canidae. The prominent colors are red, blue, green, olive, white, gold, black, and variants of these. The condition of the page seems very good, although there may have been some fading in some spots. It is currently housed at the National Library of France. The manuscript is in Latin, but there is another manuscript in Greek, from Cyprus, that is sometimes referred to by the same name. Comparing and contrasting the two works The Colbertinus image of Matthew is a much more sophisticated piece of art but not one bit more heartfelt in its evocation of a historical person who was believed to have been a witness to the life of Jesus. While the Durrow image inevitably reminds a modern viewer of the strategies for representing the human figure that are adopted by very young children, the careful decoration shows the evidence of a devoted hand. Thus, they both reflect a deep faith in the scripture underlying the image.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Images of the Evangelist Matthew in the Book of Durrow and the Colbertinus Codex: Faith and Devotion for the Evangelist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The composition of the Durrow image is apparently simpler, since it presents the viewer with a single figure in a border. The Colbertinus image’s composition, on the other hand, includes a complex background that hints at buildings, as well as the elaborate fanciful decorations within the Letter L. However, the decorative curlicues surrounding the Durrow Matthew engage the eye as thoroughly as the figures twining through the Letter L. The curlicues represent a two-dimensional version of the knot-work that the Celtic peoples of this regi on had been perfecting for centuries in textiles and in stone, among other media. The knot-work may have had a specific symbolic message that is now lost. The way that the figures of Matthew fill the space is quite different. The Colbertinus Matthew dominates his little archway, standing squarely on two feet on a carefully laid pavement, confidently and clearly offering his gospel from the backdrop of a large and complex structure. He is instantly recognizable as a teacher of something, even to the non-Christian. He is rounded, and even though the drawing is very simple, there is an attempt to depict folds and shading to signal the volume of his body. The use of shading is carried out in all the other figures, but more subtly. The Durrow Matthew, on the other hand, almost floats in the space of his vining frame. There is no background, middle ground, or foreground. There is only Matthew. He is armored by his elaborately patterned cloak. His hands are not visible. Nothing that a mode rn viewer can recognize specifically identifies him as the Evangelist. Only the traditional iconography from the Book of Revelation, placing four creatures around the throne of the deity (lion, eagle, ox, face of a man) connects him to the historical and religious character of Matthew. He almost looks, to modern eyes, as though his sideways facing feet would like to carry him off somewhere. Matthew looks intensely forward, as direct in gaze as in the Colbertinus image, but inactive. The Durrow image has no shading or indication of volume. An uncharitable assessment would term it cartoonish, but there is clearly no intention to be childish or simplistic. The eyes are intense, the mouth is determined, and the pose is upright.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The major use of light and dark is in the alternating colors in the complicated checkerboard pattern on the cloak. This gorgeously decorated cloak has the convenient of effect of signaling a special or elevated individual without requiring the artist to attempt to convey the shape of the body with the limited techniques at the artist’s command. This is a clever solution to this challenging problem. The colors in the Durrow image are more limited than those used in the Colbertinus image, perhaps reflecting the earlier artist’s more limited access to sophisticated pigments. However, the Durrow image uses the limited palette in varied ways, generating several different patterns of checkerboards for the cloak’s decoration. The overall contrast in color values in the Durrow image is lower. However, this may reflect deterioration of the pigments. The Colbertinus image has higher contrast, and uses a wider range of colors to depict birds, beasts, and Matthew’s c lothing. There is also more sophisticated use of the background surface, which is white/off-white, to denote Matthew’s skin, the sky, and the lighter portions of the animals and flowers. There is not the variety of saturation and value within colors that one would expect in a modern painting. This is more like a kid using colors from a kit: blue is blue, green is green and red is red. There is no light blue, light green, or pink. This distinguishes the 11th century image from what we would see today. Nonetheless, overall, the Colbertinus Matthew simply appears to have more vivid impact because there are more colors. This draws the eye and accords the appropriate weight to the great Evangelist. However, there is no for lack of effort on the part of the 7th century monk who decorated the Durrow codex. The Durrow image carefully places light and dark colors next to one another to create contrast even with the very limited palette. This technique also accords gravity to the image of the Evangelist, clothed in the most decorated vestments possible. There is very little texture revealed in either image. The background and the fanciful animals and flowers in the Colbertinus image do demonstrate some texture – through hatching and suggestion of spots on the leopard and feathers on the large birds. However, the Colbertinus image of Matthew is notable for smoothness of face and skin elsewhere. The Durrow image offers even less texture, except in the decoration of the cloak. The hair is almost undifferentiated, and the face has minimal modeling. There is a suggestion of beard. The very simple nature of both images fits with the modest scale of both pieces. The artist did not choose this size – it was determined by the size of the skins for the parchment and the upper limit of weight and size for a book. The small scale makes the relative simplicity of the images tolerable. At a huge scale, these images would look to modern eyes even more cartoonish a nd childish. As accompaniments to the reading of the Bible, these are eye candy, reinforcing the message of the scripture. The historical context of these two works Both the Colbertinus and Durrow images were an outgrowth of the religious atmosphere of their time. In the 7th century, the Christian religion had expanded to most of Europe. Each region had a very distinctive and fervent ‘flavor’ of Christianity, with their own decorative approach to the iconography. Thus, the Durrow image reflects Celtic knots and Matthew is as blond as any Scotsman is. The historical context of the 7th century must also include the founding of Islam. This spread swiftly throughout North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, and moved into the southern edges of Spain, Italy, Greece, and even France. Although there is no direct evidence of contact with Islam in the Durrow image, it is important to remember that from this point on, there were three great monotheistic religions in Europe, and two of them were willing to kill to defend their faith. The intense effort invested in Matthew’s image may somehow reflect this sense of embattledness. By the 11th and 12th centuries, there had been contact with the Holy Land via the Crusades to retrieve control of holy sites from Muslim control. The Middle Ages were at their height. Any deviation from the Roman Catholic faith was punishable as heresy. The Roman church was declaring itself the true heir to St. Peter, and separating itself from the Byzantine church. This confidence is reflected in image from Colbertinus. The Colbertinus image looks like a Roman wall painting, an expression of a powerful religious empire. Conclusion In both cases, religion was at the center of life, and the gospels were the central sacred texts. Both of these beautiful images convey the importance of the Evangelist, the most Jewish of the four. Each artist or team of artist has used the best materials and techniques at their disposal to impress th e reader/viewer. The apparent simplicity of the Durrow image belies the artist’s effort and care taken to display through obsessive decorative detail the glory of one who lived with the one that they regarded as the Savior. The Colbertinus image lavishes all the joyous imagination of the artist on surrounding the serene and welcoming image of Matthew with the birds, beasts, and folk of the created world. Bibliography Unknown. Man, the symbol for St. Matthew: Book of Durrow. Trinity College Library, Dublin. Unknown. St. Matthew: Codex Colbertinus. The National Library of France, Paris. This essay on Images of the Evangelist Matthew in the Book of Durrow and the Colbertinus Codex: Faith and Devotion for the Evangelist was written and submitted by user Alexis Brady to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brian Nichols. Courthouse Killer

Brian Nichols. Courthouse Killer The Brian Nichols CaseOn March 11, 2005, a man on trial for rape, Brian Nichols, overpowered a female deputy, took her gun, and went into the courtroom where his trial was being held and shot the judge and a court reporter at the Fulton County Courthouse in Atlanta (Brian Nichols: Atlanta Courthouse Killer, 2005). Nichols was also charged with killing a sheriff's deputy who tried to stop his escape from the courthouse and shooting a federal agent at his home a few miles from the courthouse (Brian Nichols: Atlanta Courthouse Killer, 2005). Nichols' escape set off one of the largest manhunts in Georgia history, which ended after he took Ashley Smith hostage in her apartment and she convinced him to let her leave and then called 9-1-1 (Brian Nichols: Atlanta Courthouse Killer, 2005).The day before the shootings, the judge and prosecutors in Nichols' case requested extra security after investigators found a shank Ââ€" or homemade knife Ââ€" fashioned from a doorknob in each of Nichols' shoes (Atlanta Slayings Suspect Surrenders, 2005).Nichols, ConnecticutOfficials did not say what measures were taken to beef up security, but said deputy Cynthia Hall was alone when she escorted Nichols to his retrial on rape and other charges (Atlanta Slayings Suspect Surrenders, 2005). The law requires that defendants not be handcuffed as they enter the courtroom to make sure the sight of cuffs doesn't unfairly influence the jury (Atlanta Slayings Suspect Surrenders, 2005). The shootings had immediately raised questions about security procedures in the courthouse (Dewan, 2005). The legal issue at hand is that the law prohibits defendants from being handcuffed as they enter the courtroom so that the judge and/or jury are not unfairly influenced by the sight of the cuffs. Yet they definitely could have “beefed up” the security of the defendant a lot more than they did. Only one female deputy, Deputy Cynthia Hall, escorted the uncuffed, 6-foot-1, 200 pound, accused rapist, w ho was just caught the day before with homemade “shanks” in his shoes, to the courtroom (Dewan, 2005). Law enforcement definitely made an error in judgement when they decided to let one deputy escort the defendant. Even though the law prohibited them from cuffing Brian Nichols as he entered the courtroom, they definitely could have upped their security of him a lot more. I understand the point about avoiding prejudicing judges and juries, but at the same time I think innocent peoples safety should be the number one priority. Of course the other legal issue here is cold-blooded murder, yet this is not really an “issue” because there were so many witnesses that Brian Nichols would definitely not beat this one in court.A civil suit definitely could be filed by the judges family and by the court reporters family in this case. It could be brought against the Fulton County Police Department for failing to take appropriate precautions that would ensure the safety and well-b eing of everyone in that building.Brian Nichols avoided the death penalty when a jury deciding his fate deadlocked after four days of deliberation. The jury was split 9-3 in favor of giving Nichols the death penalty rather than life in prison (Montaldo, 2008). Superior Court Judge James Bodiford had only two options in sentencing Nichols, life without parole or life with the possibility of parole. He sentenced Nichols to life without the possibility of parole or probation on several charges (Montaldo, 2008).References:Atlanta Slayings Suspect Surrenders, (2005). Retrieved online May 13, 2009 from: foxnews.com/story/0,2933,150233,00.html.Brian Nichols: Atlanta Courthouse Killer, (2005). Retrieved online May 13, 2009 from: http://crime.about.com/od/current/a/brian_nichols.htm.Dewan, S. (2005). Suspect Kills 3, Including Judge, at Atlanta Court. Retrieved online May 13, 2009 from: nytimes.com/2005/03/12/national/12shooting.html?pagewanted=1_r=1.Montaldo, C. (2008). Atlanta Courthouse K iller Avoids Death Penalty. Retrieved online May 13, 2009 from: http://crime.about.com/b/2008/12/12/atlanta-courthouse-killer-avoids-death-penalty.htm.

Facilitate Continuous Improvement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facilitate Continuous Improvement - Assignment Example Maintaining the customers is very important to a business since they determine its progress. Through product improvement, the business retains and wins more customers. TQM promotes consistency since the business will be motivated to improve it product. That is, the rate at which a business product varies from its substitute is reduced by TQM. The manufacturing industry provides quality products at a price which is acceptable to the consumers thus increasing the value of the business. Therefore, total quality management plays a major role in maintain and improving business position. (Chase, 1991) Lean manufacturing aims at reducing and eliminating wastage and improving overall performance of the company. Companies tend to use the â€Å"Five S† aiming at maximizing output and overall performance. In manufacturing environment, incidents rates, machine breakdown/downtime, stored parts inventory, and call time and training cycles. (Feld, 2011) â€Å"Five S† consist of five disciplines that forms the method of organizing and managing a work place. The five disciplines are; sort, set in order, shine, standardize and systemize. Sort means separating those needed in the workplace from who are not required. For example, separating working photocopying machines from damaged ones and dispose them to create space. Set in order refers to arranging every particular need in the workplace in a logical manner which will reduce movements, over processing and transportation of items within the organization. An example include arranging the photocopying machines in a manner that they reduce commotion in the office. Also distributing the work to all workers to eliminate over-tasking. Shine means that the workplace is at its best condition since it is clean and every item is well arranged. Measurement of system is done at this discipline to allow better comprehension of variation. Example is testing the speed at which the different printers are operating in a

Are We Living in a Moral Stone Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are We Living in a Moral Stone Age - Essay Example To illustrate her main argument, the author cites an interview done by Jay Leno in Tonight Show. Based on this interview, Sommers points out that the youth nowadays do not read the Bible, and they cannot tell what is right from wrong. The technique of using the interview is similar to telling an anecdote to attract the interest of her readers. The interview conducted with the two college students serves as the springboard to the discussion. The story attracts the attention of the readers with its humorous yet sarcastic content. The content of the interview also challenges the readers to provide their own response to the interview questions. The interview by Jay Leno functions as logos. It challenges the mind of the readers to think of the right answer to the questions posted by the host. Additionally, the result of the interview provides a basis for the author’s argument. Sommers provides the evidence first before explaining her point. The interview additionally functions as e thos. In particular, the familiarity of the readers with Jay Leno and his program, Tonight Show helps to establish credibility. Sommers relies on the credibility of Jay Leno to initially convince her readers. Nevertheless, even those who are not acquainted with Jay Leno and his show would still give merit to the given example taking into consideration that the show appears regularly on TV, and the interview called â€Å"man-on-the-street† is conducted â€Å"frequently† by the host. Readers may opine that a regular show such as Tonight Show will not stay long on national TV if it is not credible enough. Hence, one can claim that Sommers used a very good example to win her readers’ attention. Sommers further uses ethos as she mentions being a professor of ethics. This technique establishes her credibility in giving opinions on ethical issues. She cites her personal observations to further demonstrate her view. Considering her as a professor, her readers may consid er her insights valuable because they are based on her professional experience. Therefore, informing readers of her position as a college professor makes Sommers a more credible and experienced writer in the minds of the readers. Furthermore, Sommers uses pathos to convince her readers. After identifying herself as a professor of ethics, she expresses her concern for the American youth, saying, â€Å"One of the best things our schools can do for America is to set about repairing it — by confronting the moral nihilism that is now the norm for so many students.† Coming from a professor, this statement demonstrates that Sommers is genuinely concerned about the morals of students. Noting her concern, readers will be convinced of the author’s truthfulness, hence view her as a highly credible writer. Sommers divides her ideas into subheadings. Each subheading hints on a different angle of the issue, which allows the author to expound her ideas further. The first subhe ading is titled, â€Å"Conceptual Moral Chaos.† This part works in two ways. First, it implies the limitations of her scope. Second, it further builds the confidence of her readers on her claim. Reading this part fully will give readers an idea of what Sommers is pertaining to when she claims that â€Å"young people are morally confused.† Her claim about the youth may sound too judgmental for a young reader who would possibly feel skeptical about the claim. However, reading

Hinduism and Buddism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hinduism and Buddism - Research Paper Example The prayers are confirmed by marking Tikka, i.e., a red mark of vermilion on the foreheads. The goal of the narrator as a Hindu is to illuminate ignorance and become more spiritual. Discussion Questions 1. What cuisines are traditionally prepared at Diwali? 2. Why is Diwali celebrated at the end of year? 3. How many days does Dilwali continue for? 4. Is celebration of Diwali a means of spiritual revival for the Hindus? 5. How different is the celebration of Diwali between India and elsewhere? Strengths and Weaknesses a. I think that the video presented the topic well as whatever the narrator says, the video displays images with that. For example, when the narrator says that everybody gets into the prayer room, the video shows everybody assembling in it. Likewise, the coins are shown being washed in milk and being applied vermilion upon as the narrator explains what is happening. In addition to that, the accent and dialect of the narrator is such that each and every word is understand able. Secondly, the audience gets the complete concept of the Festival of Diwali as well as the underlying beliefs of the Hindus related to this event in a video of just 2 minutes and 4 seconds. Not only this, the video explains that the concept of gods in Hinduism is like a board of members, so that the audience does not get confused when the video shows the family first worshipping Lord Ganesha and then the Goddess Laxmi. b. It is a good video to show to those who do not know what is Diwali because it explains the concept of Diwali, shows a family praying upon and celebrating Diwali, discusses the significance of different gods and goddesses in Hinduism, and explains the reason Hindus illuminate their homes at this Festival. c. I had to do some further research to understand Diwali as this video did not discuss everything related to Diwali. One weakness of the video is that it only projects the perspective of the narrator. It would have been better if different family members were invited to express what meanings they associate with the event, though considering the time constraints, it seems justified. d. This video is useful for students and people belonging to all categories as all people in the video are dressed modestly, and there is no offence whatsoever. e. This video shows how Hindus get united at the Festival of Diwali and pray and celebrate it together. This spreads the message of tolerance, unity, and mutual harmony and understanding. Video II Video Summary This video covers Buddhism. The video shows paintings of the 500 disciples of Buddha in the North East India from the V century. In Sanskrit, they are called as Arhats. These disciples were intercessors and messengers of Buddhism. The idea was that they were enlightened while living among common people. These 100 paintings were compiled between 1854 and 1863. The paintings were intended to project Buddhist catechism. The essence of Buddhism is that materialistic world is deceptive and everythin g is in transition. The paintings depict the everyday lifestyle of the Buddhist disciples, their comfortable interaction with people as well as animals, and present a holistic picture of their culture. The paintings show everything from murder, wars, suicides, and fire breakouts to daily activities of the Arhats in a peaceful environment. Discussion Questions 1. What was the

Analysis of Cusp Catastrophe Model

Analysis of Cusp Catastrophe Model Social Psychology of Sport Critical discussion on cusp catastrophe model and using its principles of anxiety on an athlete’s performance. Introduction The ability to cope with pressure and anxiety under strenuous conditions such as a large sporting event is an essential skill to have, especially for an elite level athlete. Anxiety can be associated with an unpleasant state of mind, which can have different effects on performance. There have been many reported situations among athletes relating the feeling of being anxious or stressed in different sporting events. Dias et, al (2009) have participated in a research reporting 550 results among different level athletes linking to stress and anxiety to an important event. Some research have been shown that there were decrease in performance in correlation to anxiety such as memory, complex motor tasks such as shooting into the hoop in basketball () or indoor rock climbing (). However, there have also been positive anxiety correlations on performance regarding rebound shot in basketball and () have shown to have improvement in motor tasks skills such as anagram-solving. However, the relationships between anxiety and performance have been difficult to explain. Things such as methodological flaws, lack of operational definitions and unclear theoretical construction all conjunct within different theories (). Hardy’s (1990) cups catastrophe model (CCM) has been attempting to explain the contradicting effects of anxiety on performance, using multidimensional construct model. Cusp catastrophe model The catastrophe theory was originally proposed by a mathematician Rene Thom (1975). Rene developed the model geometrically explaining all naturally discontinuities in the world. Hardy (1990) has then developed a model of anxiety and performance (), attempting to explain the contradicting findings that have been previously reported regarding anxiety on performance. The model is based on the view on anxiety performance as a multidimensional construct; it combines the cognitive components â€Å"interactive effects of anxiety-performance relationship, the facilitative effects of cognitive anxiety and hysteresis†(), and physiological arousals ‘the organism’s natural physiological response to anxiety-including satiations’(). Cups catastrophe model shows an interactive, three-dimensional model predicting the effects for cognitive anxiety in a form of worry and physiological arousal on performance. Cups catastrophe model proposes that there are a series of four relationships which exists between cognitive anxiety, physiological arousal and performance. Cognitive arousal (CA) components are explained as expectations and cognitive concerns about one self, their situation and potential consequences (). Physiological arousal (PA) component is regarded as physiological response to anxiety, such as pain, feeling sick or feeling uncomfortable (). The first predictor suggests that cognitive anxiety has a positive connection with performance, when physiological arousal is at the lower end of the spectrum. The second predictor shows to have a negative relationship with performance, when physiological arousal is high. Third, is when the CA is low, the PA is shown to have an inverted U-shaped relationship on performance. The final predictor suggests that, when CA is high and physiological arousal is increasing a break in the wave of performance surface occurs. The split factor suggests that there will be a catastrophic drop in performance from the upper performance surface to lower performance surface. Moreover, when the catastrophic drop has occurred, with the large reduction in physiological arousal it is possible to bring performance back to the upper performance surface ().The change that occur when cognitive anxiety is high and physiological arousal increases is called hysteresis, which occurs under the condition of high cogn itive anxiety but not low cognitive anxiety. Hysteresis can be explained as the condition within the model where performance can catastrophically decrease from the upper performance surface to the lower performance surface. However, with the decrease in PA levels below the level at which the catastrophic drop occurred performance of the athlete may increase. Analysing one of the quotes made by Jessica Ennis, (2011) who is a professional 100 meter hurdler, have said: Im really, really nervous before every event, she admits. There are different levels of nerves. Before the hurdles Im particularly nervous as its the first event and, once thats out of the way, I relax a little bit†. Using cups catastrophe model it can be seen that Jessica experience signs of anxiety, having different levels of nervousness throughout the event. It can be expected that her cognitive and physiological arousals are pretty high, as the pressure from an Olympic event such as crowd, competition, winning the gold medal or podium position could have an effect on her performance. So before the event Jessica’s anxiety levels are high, with cognitive anxiety being high and physiological arousal decreasing the hysteresis effect may occur with Jessica feeling the pressure. However, her personal coping strategies could help reverse that effect, bringing her ba ck to the upper performance surface when the competition begins. Balancing the high cognitive state and physiological arousal may help increase performance during the event. Straight after the event it can be seen that she may relax, so her cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal decrease straight after the event leaving her of being more stress-free. Moreover, if she had to perform the hurdles after a certain amount of time, cognitive anxiety could be in at the middle and physiological arousal being low, to maintain the concentration for her to progress on to the next tier. Critical discussion The cups catastrophe model can handle complex linear and nonlinear relationship simultaneously in a three-dimensional manner, with the use of high-order probability density within the model, the functions have the advantage of being able to integrate sudden changes within behavioural jumps in the hysteresis(). Researches by Hardy et al, 2010 have applied the theory behind the cusp model over two experiments, supporting the process and the theory behind performance catastrophes and anxiety by using it with high levels of trait anxiety with competitive environment. The second study was social pressure and ego within the competitive environment which suggest that the cups catastrophe model is plausible. Hardy at al, 2007 have also found that hysteresis did occur in high CA condition, with the significant drops in performance with the increase in PA and CA. Another study by Marshall et al. 2005 looked into how interaction effects of cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal on have an effect on golf performance. The research did confirm that using the model, it had a positive relationship in regards of different situations and how anxiety is coped. However, the research also indicated that even though the methodology is plausible other factors needed to be assessed, as the theory is multidimensional it is very complex. Edwards et al, 2002 on the other hand, implemented that the theory of cusp catastrophe model may be plausible; however other factors such as confidence could appear to play a significant part in the catastrophic performance. Also () has implemented that other models such as endogenous learning-by-doing (ELBD), supports similar fundamentals of anxiety literature. All of the studies and theories suggest that anxiety does have different effects on physiological arousal and on anticipation timing performance during competition and practice. Also most of the models do tend to support the hysteresis theory and the catastrophe phenomenon. Most of the literature supports the different implementation of anxiety which occurs within the human mind, however it is very complex and needs to be further investigated to find a greater explanation on how anxiety affects sporting performance. Conclusion Determining the effects on anxiety on performance is still ripe at this stage; there are plenty of implementations which could be added to all of the models and theories. However, with the use of combined theories it may help further explanation and elimination of how there are relationships within understanding of anxiety, and how potentially it could increase and decrease performance of the athletes. With the cups catastrophe model being one of the most used in the research, it cannot be overlooked that other factors may affect the relationship between anxiety and performance. With the implementation of cups catastrophe model researchers could use other models or theories to round up the conclusion. Reads Anxiety-induced performance catastrophes: Investigating effort required as an asymmetry factor Lew Hardy*, Stuart Beattie and Tim Woodman

Postmodernity as the Climax of Modernity: Horizons of the Cultural Futu

Postmodernity as the Climax of Modernity: Horizons of the Cultural Future ABSTRACT: Given that any society is endowed not only with a set of institutions but also with the particular pattern of self-reflection and self-description, postmodernity should be viewed as an epoch representing the climax of modernity and its self-refutation. Parting with traditional society, modernity represents the triumph of power-knowledge, the divorce between spheres of culture, the global social relations, the new institutions, the change in the understanding of space-time relations, the cult of the new, and the modernization process. While preserving the institutional set of modernity, the postmodern period casts into doubt the basic thought foundations of classical modernity. The horizons of the emerging cultural future should be viewed in the light of a positive synthesis of the postmodern reflexive pattern with the legacy of modernity. The final of the 20-th century became an epoch of the radical reconsideration of the legacy of modernity. Beginning from the fifties, the new postclassical period of development of Western culture and society appeared as a specific reality that was more radically coined by the end of sixties-beginning of seventies when, with the growth of the feeling of a radical break with the past, a pattern of postmodernist cultural reflection obtained its definite popularity. Philosophers and historians of culture are intensively debating the question whether the coming of this period marked the end of modernity or its climax opening the horizons of the completely unknown future . In any event, the change of the pattern of cultural reflection looks very important and deserves special attention for it evidently reveals... ... Baudrillard, Jean. The Illusion of the End. Cambridge: Polity Press,1994. Bernstein, Richard. The New Constellation. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1995. Foucault, Michel. Politics. Philosophy. Culture. New York: Routledge, 1988. Giddens, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press,1995. Habermas, Jurgen. Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag,1989. Jameson, Fredric. The Seeds of Time. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. Lyotard, Jean-Francois. The Postmodern Explained. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 1993. Rorty, Richard. Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Vattimo, Gianni. The End of Modernity. Oxford: Polity Press, 1991. White, Stephen. Political Theory and Postmodernism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Not a Laughing Matter: Effects of Tawa-tawa

Nigeria. Results ot the study snowed that botn the decoction and extract of E. hirta, at doses of 60. 4 mg/kg and 483. 0 mg/kg have a significant effect on the platelet counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. The RBC and WBC counts were not significantly affected, demonstrating that E. hirta does not affect the circulating RBC or the erythropoietic centers of the experimental animals, and it does not induce production or destruction of the WBC. The mean increases in platelet count in the decoction and ethanolic extract groups did not significantly differ, suggesting that oth preparations can be used for further studies.The difference in the mean platelet counts of subgroups who received the 60. 4 mg/kg and 483. 0 mg/kg doses was not significant as shown in Dunnet's test. This finding indicated that the platelet- increasing activity of E. hirta was not dose-dependent. The platelet-increasing activity of E. hirta was further evaluated by determining the effect of the plant material on stimulati ng platelet production in the bone marrow. In this evaluation, the dose and preparation (483. g/kg of the ethanolic extract) that produced the greatest numerical increase in platelet count during the initial evaluation was used. Anagrelide, a drug which inhibits the maturation of megakaryocytes into platelets, was administered to decrease the platelet counts of the test animals.After exposure to anagrelide, 483. 0 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was administered to 50% of the test population. Results of this further evaluation showed that the mean platelet count did not differ significantly in the group which received both anagrelide (125 pg/day) nd ethanolic extract of E. irta (483. 0 mg/kg) and in the group who were only exposed to anagrelide (control). This suggested that the platelet-increasing activity of E. hirta was not due to stimulation of the platelet production in the bone marrow. 0 In another study conducted by the students of St. Marys School in Davao, E. hirta was also foun d to increase the platelet counts of white mice (Mus musculus). E. hirta was prepared in a teabag form. The results of this study were not published, and therefore, no further information was obtained.In Nigeria, the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of E. hirta on platelet count, bleeding time, and clotting time were also investigated. The extracts of E. hirta were administered orally to albino Wistar rats. Platelet count, bleeding time, and clotting time were determined before, and at different time intervals after administration of the extracts. At 60 minutes, the aqueous extract reduced bleeding time by 54% compared to 49. 5% for methanolic extract, and the difference was significant.

Thrinaxodon Facts and Figures

Thrinaxodon Facts and Figures Although it wasnt quite as mammal-like as its close cousin, Cynognathus, Thrinaxodon was still a startlingly advanced reptile by early Triassic standards. Paleontologists believe this cynodont (a subgroup of the therapsids, or mammal-like reptiles, which preceded the dinosaurs and eventually evolved into the first true mammals) may have been covered in fur, and also may have possessed a moist, cat-like nose. Name: Thrinaxodon (Greek for trident tooth); pronounced thrie-NACK-so-donHabitat: Woodlands of southern Africa and AntarcticaHistorical Period: Early Triassic (250-245 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 20 inches long and a few poundsDiet: MeatDistinguishing Characteristics: Cat-like profile; quadrupedal posture; possibly fur and warm-blooded metabolism Completing the resemblance to modern tabbies, its possible that Thrinaxodon sported whiskers as well, which would have evolved in order to sense prey (and for all we know, this 250-million-year-old vertebrate was equipped with orange and black stripes). What paleontologists can say for sure is that Thrinaxodon was among the first vertebrates the body of which was divided into lumbar and thoracic segments (an important anatomical development, evolution-wise), and that it probably breathed with the aid of a diaphragm, yet another feature that didnt come fully into mammalian vogue until tens of millions of years later. Thrinaxodon Lived in Burrows We also have solid evidence that Thrinaxodon lived in burrows, which may have enabled this reptile to survive the Permian-Triassic Extinction Event, which wiped out most of the worlds terrestrial and marine animals and left the earth a smoking, inhospitable wasteland for the first few million years of the Triassic period. (Recently, a Thrinaxodon specimen was discovered curled up in its burrow alongside the prehistoric amphibian Broomistega; apparently, this latter creature crawled into the hole to recover from its wounds, and both occupants then drowned in a flash flood.) For nearly a century, Thrinaxodon was believed to be restricted to early Triassic South Africa, where its fossils have been discovered in abundance, along with those of other mammal-like reptiles (the type specimen was unearthed in 1894). In 1977, however, a nearly identical therapsid species was discovered in Antarctica, which sheds valuable light on the distribution of  the earths land masses at the start of the Mesozoic Era. And finally, heres a bit of showbiz trivia for you: Thrinaxodon, or at least a creature closely resembling Thrinaxodon, was featured in the very first episode of the BBC TV series Walking With Dinosaurs.

7 Strategies for Landing Your Dream Job (Even If You Arent Qualified)

7 Strategies for Landing Your Dream Job (Even If You Arent Qualified) â€Å"Do what you love.† This is pretty common career advice, and you’ve probably heard it before. There’s just one catch- how do you get to that dream job, the job you really want? Especially if you don’t really have the experience or qualifications you need? All is not lost. Assuming you don’t want to jump from, say, retail clerk to astronaut, there are ways to help boost yourself up into your dream job. 1. Know What You WantIf you don’t have a goal in mind, it’ll be awfully difficult to set your path to get there. Before you start combing job listings or working on your resume, it’s important to know what your goal is here. This is especially true if your dream job is a bit of a stretch, professionally. Winging it won’t get you ahead here.If you’re having trouble deciding what that dream job can be, there are fun tools like this interactive dream job quiz that can help you speed up the thought process by taking your interests and offering real-world odds of getting a related job. (Sadly, it turns out my odds of becoming a TV-watching spy aren’t super high.)If you’re still not sure about how to juggle what you want to do versus what you’re qualified to do, career coach Laura Berman Fortgang has some great advice about how to cut through the noise and figure out what you want to get from your career:2. Know Your ValueExperience is a great attribute to have in your job hunt, but it’s not the only one. You also need to look at the quality of that experience: the skills and knowledge you have accumulated over time. Whether you’ve been working for 1  year or 15  years, you have steadily built your skills and your professional value. When you’re crafting your resume, think about using a format that showcases your skills, instead of using the traditional chronological format where you list your jobs, working backwards.3. See the Job Requirements as Gui delines, Not Set in StoneIf you think of the job description requirements as more of a starting point than an ironclad list of requirements, it can help remove some of that mental block to applying to a job that may be a reach. While some things may be non-negotiable (such as particular skills), other things may be more flexible if you have equivalent skills or experience. For example, if a job description calls for a Bachelor’s degree but you have an Associate’s and a number of skills related to the job, don’t let that scare you off. Just make sure you emphasize the qualities and skills that you do have to support the job description.4. Set Your StoryEveryone loves a good story- and hiring managers like a story that shows how great a person would be for this particular job. Your resume is the snapshot of your skills and professional experience, but your work doesn’t end there. You need to help set the narrative. Are you the savvy underdog looking to trad e up your skills for experience? Are you a bold career-changer looking to translate your skills and experience to a new industry? Your resume doesn’t tell a reader everything about you- just the highlights. This is why a cover letter can be essential, even in these days of automated submissions. Not only is it a chance to add more key words (more on that in a bit), but it lets you add some color and context about who you are, and summarize why you’re such a great fit for this position.If you don’t have tons of experience, it’s also a way to start the conversation about how your skills bridge a potential experience gap. Give the reader a reason to keep reading, instead of flipping ahead to the next resume. Work on your elevator pitch, which is a quick, succinct headline that answers three questions: who you are, what you do, and what you’re looking for. That’s the line you can hit in your cover letter, in a summary statement/objective on your resume, and again in the interview. This is your chance to set up your brand.5. Outsmart the Resume RobotsThese days, there’s a good chance that the first reader of your resume/application package isn’t even human. No offense to the robots out there, but this is not ideal if you’re trying to punch above your weight class, professionally. The smartest thing you can do here is know exactly what the company is looking for- and you have the job description right in front of you to help you do that. Make sure your resume and cover letter are hitting the key words that jump out of the job description- especially the ones related to experience, education, and skills. This is also where careful proofreading of your resume comes in handy; you want to make sure that your high-priority key words are spelled correctly, and match the way they’re presented in the job description. You don’t want to lie, but if you’re trying to get somewhat creative with y our qualifications, hitting as many of the key points from the job description as possible may get you past the first round, and one step closer to an interview where you can wow them with the skills you do have.6. Network Like CrazyYour network isn’t just a nice little collection of Twitter handles or LinkedIn headshots. These are people whose experience and professional kinship can help boost you from faceless applicant to contender. According to LinkedIn, a whopping 85% (!) of jobs are filled by network referrals. Why is this? Filling open jobs is time-consuming and expensive, and companies like to feel good about the choice and investment they’re making.Having someone else vouch for an applicant can help make that process easier, and push the applicant higher on the list than they might have made it if they just went through the usual process of 1) find job; 2) apply online; 3) wait for HR rep to call. Having someone talk up your skills and fitness for the job is i mmensely helpful. And you never know when an opening or an opportunity may pop up from your old boss, or that guy who sat next to you in Accounting class. Keeping these relationships fresh, and making an effort to attend industry events or networking events is definitely worth your time.7. Package Yourself CarefullyYou already know you need a resume, but that’s merely the first step. If it’s been a while since you redid your resume from scratch, guess what? Now’s the time to burn that sucker to the ground (not literally- no fire hazards, please) and create a new one for the opportunities you want:What Your Resume Should Look Like in 2017Here’s the Number One Resume Mistake You’re MakingWhat’s the Best Format for Your Resume?Your 5-Question Resume ChecklistAnd as always, it’s important to make sure you’re tailoring your resume to match the job you want. Customizing your resume doesn’t take long, and it can mean the differ ence between Joe, the Generic Okay Job Applicant and Joe, the Impressive Interview Candidate Who Would Fit in At Rodeo Clown Inc.But don’t neglect the other pieces here- the cover letter can be an essential part of your applicant package, especially when you’re trying to level up:Important Cover Letter Trends in 2017 That Will Help Your Job Search5 Must Haves for an Effective Cover Letter4 Steps to Writing a Kick-Ass Cover LetterAnd don’t skimp on interview prep, so that you’re ready when the call comes. Make sure your interview outfit and lucky shoes are ready to go, and get yourself in interview fighting shape:7 Real Life Interview Mistakes You Can Learn FromThe Most Important Talking Points for Your Upcoming Interview12 Easy Steps to a Successful Job InterviewIt also can’t hurt to brush up on what not to do. A few cautionary tales can help your interview game when the time comes:5 Reasons You Just Had a Really Bad Interview10 Personal Things Not to Say in an InterviewAfter all, this is your dream job, and you don’t want to feel like you’re scrambling to cover weaknesses or a lack of experience. The more you practice and work on your total package, the smoother you’ll look when you’re finally presenting yourself as the ideal applicant.

POLicy ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POLicy ANALYSIS - Essay Example The policy makers therefore adopt different strategies for addressing the concerns of nurses as these approaches can be more beneficial and less costly for the nurses as well as the patients. The nurse workforce in a particular hospital is based on licensed practical nurses, registered nurses and licensed nurses and then there are nurses’ aides. Both the LPNs and RNs are licensed by the same State in which they reside and practice. It is the responsibility of the RNs to access the needs of the patients, administration treatments and medications and develop patient plans. The maintenance of the minimum nurse to patient ratio will be beneficial for the patients as well as the nurses. There is a need for the policymakers to realize not only the potential benefits associated with the ratio but also potential expenses associated with these benefits. Minimum nurse staffing ratio helps the hospital to improve as well as increase the quality of its operations. The patients are more satisfied by the working of the staff and there are enough nurses present in the hospital to deal with emergency cases which results in low mortality rates. Acquiring minimum nurse staffing ratio also allows the hospital to give their full attention to each and every patient and not neglect the needs of any of them. On the other hand not having adequate number of nurses will misbalance the effective working of the hospital and the lives of many patients will be at stake. Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, Sochalski, & Silber in their article empahsize upon the importance of staffing ratio on the health of patients. There is no doubt about the fact that the staffing ratios help to alleviate the shortage of nurses. It discusses the fact that the working conditions of the hospitals may affect the number nurses willing to work within an hospital. Therefore staffing ratios help in improving the quality of hospitals which affect the patients’ mortality rate and

Roger Shimomuras Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Roger Shimomuras Artwork - Essay Example Examining the largest painting in the exhibition YELLOW TERROR, it is evident that Roger Shimomura uses the caricatures of Japanese soldiers, which are represented as individuals or types who crash, tumble and collide. Roger Shimomura himself is at the center of this chaos which pushes his eyes into a slant as if creating the nightmare mental picture of the Japanese caricatures done by his sight getting altered. The use of the First World War postcards shows how Roger Shimomura has copied caricatures in a precise manner to show how the postcards ridicule the Japanese army’s enemy as a fox, a snake, a beetle, a pig and a monkey. However, it is evident from the caricatures that Roger Shimomura has only borrowed the human caricatures and they exactly indicate how Roger Shimomura’s art relates to the sources of which they were found. Roger Shimomura has created a composition with the cartoon sources as the satire of a grand manner of the 1950s American art at a time when he was coming of age. However, it must be emphasized that the accumulation of the sources and the sources themselves in Roger Shimomura painting are representing more than a formal reference. The artwork also represents a social context. The YELLOW TERROR is a representation of how the society was racist against the Japanese and the Chinese to a point whereby they classified them into one class and making no good distinction between the Japanese and the Chinese but making the distinction only on racist’s grounds.

Marketing plan for a charter school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing plan for a charter school - Essay Example This marketing plan is for Allegiance Academy for grades K-9, a public charter school, to be located in Tucson, Arizona It is a publicly funded school that, in accordance with state statute, has been granted a charter exempting it from state or local rules and regulations. It is newly created and will be governed by a group of local educators. Our main objective is to recruit students to our newly established school. Like most Americans who have ancestors from multiple countries or even continents, charters were born of disparate theories, educating initiatives, and social philosophies. That diversity has been one of the greatest strengths of the big family that is the charter movement. But now public . policies ......certainly No Child Left Behind, but also the state standards movement that preceded it.........are forcing conversations long delayed. In the early 1990's, at the inception of charter schools, the bargain was set. These schools would be given greater autonomy and flexib ility than traditional public schools, and in return they would be held accountable for getting better results in student learning. Just as critically, they would be schools of choice for everyone involved.........students, parents, and teachers. Two sides of the charter triangle........autonomy and choice.........have remained quite clear and without controversy, at least within the charter movement itself. Parents should have plenty of choices; and the more autonomy and flexibility, the better. It has remained clear that the charter model has succeeded in attracting applicants.... A quality charter school authorizer engages in responsible oversight of charter schools by ensuring that schools have both the autonomy to which they are entitled and the public accountability for which they are responsible. They should: Approach authorizing deliberately and thoughtfully with the intent to improve the quality of public school options Support and advance the purposes of charter school law Be a catalyst for charter school development to satisfy unmet educational needs Strive for clarity, consistency, and transparency in developing and implementing authorizing policies and procedures Be a source of accurate, intelligible performance-based information about the schools they oversee Be responsible not for the success or failure of the school, but for holding the school accountable for their performance Use objective and verifiable measures of student achievement as the primary measure of school quality and to Make the well-being of students the fundamental value informing all decision-making and actions RESOURCES NEEDED The governing body has purchased a vacant property located at 12345 Lane Drive in Tucson. Start up funds have been obtained from individuals, state planning grants, corporate grants, and entrepreneurs. Other resources will have to be explored. Fund-raising projects are in the process. Advertisements for staff has been placed in newspapers across the state and in educational journals and magazines. Current applicants are now in the interviewing process. A food vendor has been contracted for the lunch program. Insurance policies are in place for the building and the faculty and student

The U.P. Jammers’ Club after Pound for Pound 2010 Essay Example for Free

The U.P. Jammers’ Club after Pound for Pound 2010 Essay U. P Jammers’ Club is an established socio-cultural organization of a well-known university. It was founded on October 8, 1991 and since then, it has brought several musical icons in the music scene. The organization aims to enhance the capabilities and skills of aspiring young musicians and form camaraderie within the group. The organization showcases annual events such as a â€Å"Freshmeat† and Pound for Pound†. The basis of this proposal report is the organization’s event which is entitled â€Å"Pound for Pound†. This activity showcases all the performing bands of the organization and also serves as a yearly evaluation for all of the members of the said group. The performances offer different musicians playing different kinds of genre. The songs are compositions of the bands included in the organization. Although the name of the said organization earned praises and recognition for the past years, the over-all performances of the members and the organization are gradually deteriorating compared to their early glorious days. Its financial status is not stable, few of the members are the only ones who are working for the development of the group, the responsibilities are not well disseminated, and many more. Regarding these problematic details, the purpose of this report is to find out why such things are occurring in the events of the organization. Focusing on a specific event such as the Pound for Pound, this paper will be dealing on finding solutions to the increasing problems of the organization. Beginning from the preparation to the assessment of the event, this will tackle all the necessary information needed for the study. Pound for Pound is an annual event of the U. P Jammers’ Club which is held every late January or early February. After the Freshmeat, which is usually held during the months of July or August, the organization should prepare for the upcoming Pound for Pound for this is considered as their major activity. As early as September, the members are expected to search for sponsors or alliances to help in financing the event. There should be a calendar of activities for members to know when to start working and when to report for the deadlines. Members should already be informed regarding their responsibilities for the event. These are few of the actions done in the past years for Pound for Pound. Unfortunately, the former batch of residences was not able to perform such tasks effectively. What seems to be the problem? The organization has a set of executive committee who is in charge of the planning and decisions. They are the ones who are assigned to designate responsibilities to their own members. If the executive committee is not intact, then all members will not participate well. At that time, there were 30 members in the organization, but seven of them, including the president are dismissed from school because of academic failure and four members filed for inactivity because of financial instability. As a result, only 19 members could work for the organization. Few only have the drive to help the organization. The dilemma seemed to root to the members. This is one of the problems of the organization. There is less manpower and motivation to work as a group. The organization, all-in-all does not have one specific goal. Most of the time, disagreements seem to develop into a more chaotic situation. There are several controversial issues within the group. The organization needs to build a team. Another problem was the delays of every task. Even though there was a prepared plan of activities, most of the time, members tend to delay deadlines because of unfinished tasks. The members adjust time instead of them adjusting with time. The tendency of the delays is to also setback all plans. The postponement of deadlines affected how members work for the organization. Members should realize the importance of professionalism while working. Third problem involves finances and expenses of the said event. The members failed to find sponsors for Pound for Pound. The organization decided to get the event’s budget in the funds of the organization. Wanting to make a good impression, the members decided to get a more expensive sound system for the event. Almost all of the funds went there. The plans of selling merchandised t-shirts, producing publicity materials and earning money were not met because there was inaccuracy in the financial plans. There was only one single plan for the event. Fourth problem involves publicity. This is one of the important parts in conducting event made for the public. Pound for Pound lacked publicity in this year. Few teasers were produced, there were no tarpaulins and the tickets were distributed late. Speaking of tickets, the tickets were more expensive compared to other Pound for Pound events. The public did not want to spend so much making it difficult to sell them. Based upon this situation, Pound for Pound had only few audiences compared to other events done by them. There was discrepancy with the financial records afterwards making it harder to deal with problems regarding finances. Although Pound for Pound made it until the end, it was not very satisfactory. Methodology (Discussions) There are several solutions to this dilemma. First, the organization should work on the internal issues. This is the most important, but most difficult matter to resolve. The U. P Jammers’ Club is considered as a group of individuals. In order to develop a group, one has to understand how a group works. Bruce Tuckman’s four stages of Group Development could help in studying and understanding the group. Tuckman formulated four stages on how to successfully manage a group. The first stage called â€Å"Forming† states the ability of individuals to work with others but avoid such conflicts in a group. People have the desire to be accepted by others so they tend to avoid controversies. Second stage involves â€Å"Storming† wherein more conflicts will arise and individuals will begin to feel their differences and preferences. The third stage â€Å"Norming† is a stage wherein the members of the group are learning to accept each other’s dissimilarities. They begin to become a more cohesive and effective group. â€Å"Performing† is the final stage of Tuckman’s Group Development. Not all groups could arrive to this stage. This is a state where everyone knows each other. Flexibility and Interdependence is developed. Work with team buildings, gatherings and the like to keep the bonding within the members. Know the differences of each other and adjust with them. If there is harmony within the members, working will be easier. Organize. Plan. Act. Organize the members. Know their roles and responsibilities. Be strict with deadlines. Create a plan of activities for the said event and monitor it regularly. Disseminate all the tasks orderly. Let the members know what they have to do and monitor them too. Giving reminders and updates could help in motivating them to work. Think of the possible things that could happen and plan ahead. List all of the possible sponsors and work with it. An event would not be possible if there is not enough budget allotted for it. Use the organization’s resources to help in canvassing equipments needed. Act upon the planned tasks. Encourage members to participate. Give them a little pressure so they could feel responsible for the given tasks. Learn how to prioritize. Most members were said to be inactive because of the failure to meet their academic requirement. Another matter to change is this one. During the past years, good standing is encouraged for members. In this present time, the organization should also monitor this matter. Set limitations. Qualifications The PuRep Agency, a public relations firm, once conducted an event which was similar to Pound for Pound, except, it was better. They were composed of only 5 active members who wanted to create an entertainment for the public. They got bands from the U. P Jammers’ Club and prepared all the necessary operations in less than a month. The agency worked with this event which they called â€Å"Tune up†. They made most of the methods included in this report. This just proves that the proposed methods are effective and possible. Before they even started working, they prepared 3 sets of plans in case problems occur. The agency worked with double effort in looking for sponsors. This means that the organization could look for more major sponsors if they would work on it immediately. All went well and smoothly. Costs (Projected Expenses for the next Pound for Pound) Expenses Amount Team Building 500. 00 Sound System 6000. 00 Venue 3000. 00 Publicity (tarpaulins, t-shirts, teasers, leaflets) 2000. 00 Miscellaneous (transportation, letters, others) 1000. 00 - TOTAL 12500. 00 Schedule Section Month Activity Time August Team Building 1hr activity per week (any convenient day) September Planning 1hr of meeting per week (assigned day) October Release of Sponsorship letter 1 meeting November Look for Sound System and Venue 1st week (canvassing) December Updates 2nd week (2 hrs) Report organizational status Sponsors, Sound System, Venue January Event 4th week (5 hrs) Conclusion This report therefore concludes the solution to U. P Jammers’ Club’s Pound for Pound internal and external dilemma. Group Development is needed to strengthen the credibility of the organization. Plan ahead and act as professional as possible. This proposal would change the way the organization works as a group. Like the PuRep Agency, anything is impossible as long as the group has a single goal. Any organization can succeed as long as they’re united.